Mindset Health: Embracing Failure as a Paradox of Learning Pedagogy in Higher Education
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Kegagalan adalah salah satu fakta kehidupan yang tidak mudah untuk
ditangani, khususnya oleh seorang dewasa. Alih-alih menarik pelajaran
penting dengan saksama dan detail dari kegagalan yang dialami, ia justru
berusaha sejauh mungkin menghindarkan diri dari fakta ini. Artikel ini
hendak menyajikan hasil pemikiran Carol Susan Dweck, salah satu Profesor
Psikologi dari Stanford University, dalam melakukan pengamatan menarik
tentang mekanisme penanganan fakta kegagalan. Dari pengamatannya,
Dweck menyadari bahwa kualitas manusia, seperti keterampilan intelektual
dapat dikembangkan. Dalam banyak disiplin ilmu, karya Dweck tentang
“mindset” atau pola pikir, telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai keberhasilan
akademik para peserta didik. Melalui penelitiannya tersebut, Dweck
memperkenalkan dua istilah, yaitu “fixed and growth mindset” yang
menjelaskan akibat dari keengganan terhadap risiko dan kegagalan dalam
perkembangan pembelajaran. Kelompok dengan pola pikir tetap “Fixed
Mindset” (FM) memandang sifat dan kecerdasan sebagai bawaan yang
cenderung mengikat identitas antara kesuksesan dan kinerja, yang sering
menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan terhadap kegagalan. Sedangkan orang-
orang dengan pola pikir berkembang “Growth Mindset” (GM) memandang
diri mereka sendiri sebagai sesuatu yang dapat berubah melalui
pembelajaran, termasuk kebutuhan untuk mencoba hal-hal baru untuk maju.
Orang dengan pola pikir berkembang mengaitkan kesalahan dan kegagalan
dengan pembelajaran serta peningkatan yang positif—bukan hal negatif.
Melalui tema ini, penulis menawarkan “embracing failure” sebagai sebuah
paradoks pedagogis yang penting untuk menjalani dinamika proses
pembelajaran teologi secara kritis dan kreatif sekaligus proses pembentukan
diri sebagai seorang pelayan Injil yang berdaya lenting dan relevan di
tengah era disruptif ini.
===
Abstract
Failure is a difficult reality to accept, especially as an adult. Instead of
carefully and thoroughly drawing important lessons from his failures, he
attempted to avoid this fact as much as possible. This article would like to
present the ideas of Carol Susan Dweck, a Stanford University Professor of
Psychology, who has made some interesting observations about the
mechanism for dealing with the fact of failure. Dweck realized that human
qualities, such as intellectual skills, could be developed based on her
observations. Dweck's work on "mindset" has been linked to various
academic successes of students across many disciplines. Dweck's research
introduced two terms, "fixed and growth mindset," which describe the
effects of risk aversion and failure in learning development. Groups with a
"Fixed Mindset" (FM) view traits and intelligence as innate, which tends to
tie the identity between success and performance, causing discomfort when
a failure occurs. People with a growth mindset (GM), on the other hand, see
themselves as something that can change through learning, including the
need to try new things in order to advance. Mistakes and failures are
associated with positive learning and improvement in people with a growth
mindset, not negative ones. Through this theme, the author proposes
"embracing failure" as a pedagogical paradox necessary for critically and
creatively experiencing the dynamics of the theological learning process, as
well as the process of self-formation as a resilient and relevant gospel
minister in the midst of this disruptive era.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
References
- Binet, Alfred. Modern Ideas about Children. France: publisher not identified, 1984.
- Dodds, Agnes, and Geoffrey McColl. “Understanding Medical Student Goal Orientation: The Role of Self-Theories.” Medical Education 47, no. 11 (November 2013): 1055–1057.
- Dweck, Carol S. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success. 1st ed. New York: Random House, 2006.
- Elliot, Andrew J., Carol S. Dweck, and David S. Yeager, eds. Handbook of Competence and Motivation: Theory and Application. Second edition. New York: Guilford Press, 2017.
- Gardner, Howard. Extraordinary Minds: Portraits of Exceptional Individuals and an Examination of Our Extraordinariness. 4. print. The MasterMinds series. New York: Basic Books, 1997.
- Konner, Melvin. The Evolution of Childhood: Relationships, Emotion, Mind. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.
- Serrat, Olivier. “Embracing Failure.” In Knowledge Solutions: Tools, Methods, and Approaches to Drive Organizational Performance, edited by Olivier Serrat, 917–923. Singapore: Springer, 2017. Accessed October 17, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983- 9_104.
- Smith, Shaunna, and Danah Henriksen. “Fail Again, Fail Better: Embracing Failure as a Paradigm for Creative Learning in the Arts.” Art Education 69, no. 2 (March 3, 2016): 6–11.
- Teunissen, Pim W, and Harold G J Bok. “Believing Is Seeing: How People’s Beliefs Influence Goals, Emotions and Behaviour.” Medical Education 47, no. 11 (November 2013): 1064–1072.
- Williams, Cheryl A., and Lisa Lewis. “Mindsets in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review.” Nurse Education Today 100 (May 2021): 104863.
- Yan, Veronica X., Khanh-Phuong Thai, and Robert A. Bjork. “Habits and Beliefs That Guide Self-Regulated Learning: Do They Vary with Mindset?” Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition 3, no. 3 (September 2014): 140–152.